Polyester is a very popular synthetic fabric. Synthetic
means that it is not naturally grown or freely free in nature, in contrast to
cotton and other naturally generated canvases. Polyester, a polymer made from
petroleum, lignite, air, and water, is a canvas that is used in association
with other textiles to add qualities, such as wrinkle resistance.
It is also used to harden other canvas materials and give
them strength. The main advantages of polyester are its ability to dry quickly,
its return to its original shape despite wrinkles and its ability to change the
nature of other fabrics with which it is used.
It is also resistant to mold, most chemicals and abrasion.
However, it is not a perfect fabric. The biggest disadvantages of this tarp are
that it is not easy to clean and it is not a breathable tarp. Multiple
essential types of polyester canvas are used.
Polyester Types
Pet
Ethylene terephthalate, or PET, is the most widely used
polyester fabric for fabrics. It is exactly the same material that is used to
make disposable water and soda bottles. To make PET polyester, ethylene glycol
is mixed with terephthalic acid or methyl ester together with an antimony
catalyst.
An antimony catalyst is a substance, produced primarily in
China, that causes the chemical reaction that forms polyester fabric. If the
material is used as a fabric, it must have a high molecular weight, so this
reaction must be generated at high temperature in a vacuum. The biggest
advantage of this material is that it can be recycled. This can save
considerable time in the production process.
PCDT
Polyester PCDT uses a chemical combination called
poly-1,4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene-terephthalate. This kind of polyester fabric
is not as popular as PET, but it is nevertheless used as a polyester fabric as
it offers the fabric greater strength and elasticity.
PCDT polyester is ideal for heavier textiles such as
curtains and furniture coverings. To create PCDT polyester, the acid is mixed
with a combination of multiple chemicals, including poly-1, and
four-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate. When the acid mixes with the
chemicals, it creates a chemical reaction, called spin fusion, in which the
polyester is generated.
Threads
Threads form another kind of polyester. Multiple types of
materials are used to create this kind of polyester. Filament yarns, spun
yarns, and textured yarns go through a unique process, called "yarn
spinning," and this process creates a polyester material. These polyester
canvases may look more akin to natural canvases than other polyester fabrics,
although they are still synthetic.
Origin of polyester
In the decade of the thirties of the 20th century, the first
polyester fiber, continuous filament, obtained from dicarboxylic acids called
Terylene, was generated in England; in France this fiber was called Tergal and
in Spain Terlenka.
After the Second World War, the German firm Hoechst, began
to generate a polyester with the name of Trevira.
In 1946 Du Pont acquired the exclusive to manufacture
polyester in the USA, becoming known in that country by the name of Dacron, and
launched in 1951.
Throughout these years, Du Pont, tried to multiply the
technical properties of polyester, texturing filaments and creating synthetic
fleeces (fiberfil for fillings) that, superimposing them, were used for
sleeping bags and raincoats, since they have better results than natural
feathers. .
Chemical and physical properties
Chemical properties
• Good
resistance to practically each and every one of the mineral and organic acids
as well as to dilute alkalis, oxidation and reduction products, and to most
organic solvents. Only at high concentrations does it have fiber humiliation.
• They are
soluble in metacresol
• They have
a very good resistance to insects and microorganisms.
• It has
good thermoplastic properties.
• Melting
point more or less 260 ° C, forming hard balls and giving off a scented
fragrance.
• It is
sensitive to strong alkalis, concentrated and hot acids.
Physical properties
• Polyester
is one of the fibers that is most widely used in the world due to its
exceptional properties that it enjoys for its application in the textile field.
• It has a
low water absorption (impermeability) of 0.4 percent to 0.6 percent so it dries
quickly.
• As it is
a synthetic fiber, it can give the fineness, length and texture suitable for
the suitable process type.
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